In order to solve the temperature measure & control problem in one certain type of radar，a kind of distributed temperature measure & control system is presented based on Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) & System On a Programmable Chip(SOPC) technology. The constitution of the temperature control system，the establishment of the SOPC system，the design of peripheral interface circuit and the software design based on the OS of the μC/OS-II are introduced. This system builds the Nios II soft-core processor by the SOPC technology to collect the data from the temperature sensors on 1-wire bus，then sends these data to the upper computer by LAN communication. It has greatly prompted the integration of system，simplified the interface，and enhanced the electromagnetic compatibility. It is easy to be extended and has a good prospect in application.