For pulverized coal concentration has a direct impact on the efficiency of power plants, a dual-channel data acquisition system based on Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) is designed to measure the pulverized coal concentration. The system utilizes Cyclone II FPGA of Altera and AD9223 analog-digital converter to realize data conversion. CY7C68013A of Cypress is chosen to realize the converted data transmission between computers by USB through Slave-FIFO. Finally, the PC data acquisition interface is designed on LabVIEW and experimental results show that the combustion efficiency of pulverized coal is effectively improved.