Based on the thickness and bonding quality of rubber materials and metal plate bonding sample, nondestructive testing was performed by using reflective Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system. Through the analysis of the flight time information of the time-domain waveform of each point in the testing data, the two-dimensional thickness distribution of the rubber part of the sample was plotted, which realized visualization of thickness distribution information. Through the comprehensive analysis of the characteristic point waveform and the B-scan image in the testing data, the delamination defects of the sample were determined. This study provides an effective solution for nondestructive testing of rubber materials thickness and delamination defects.