The Licklider Transmission Protocol(LTP) is an important protocol in deep space communication, but its Automatic Repeat-reQuest(ARQ) mechanism cannot meet the transmission delay requirements. In order to take advantage of the fountain code without feedback and meet the different reliability requirements of red data and green data in the LTP, first of all, the fountain code with characteristics of Unequal Error Protection(UEP) is introduced into the LTP to obtain the LTP with characteristics of UEP(UEP-LTP). Then an exponential window selection probability function is constructed by assigning different selection probabilities of windows to different degrees of the fountain code, and the function is optimized to obtain an Advanced UEP-LTP(AUEP-LTP) with better performance. The simulation results show that the bit error rate of red data and green data of AUEP-LTP can reach 10-10.473 2 and 10-3.687 8 respectively, which can meet the different reliability requirements of red data and green data, reduce the retransmission of LTP and improve the performance, and is more suitable for deep space communication.