Relative velocity between missile and target is the most important encounter parameter. The measuring errors of relative velocity, which directly influence the performance of fuze warhead matching, always exist during practical engineering. On the basis of this question, the effect of the relative velocity measuring error on the performance of air-defense missile fuze warhead matching is studied by establishing a relative velocity error model of fuze warhead matching through theory analysis and simulation. Some regularities and measures are elicited to reduce the influence, which shows reference significance.