X-ray streak camera is one of the key measurement instruments in laser inertial confinement fusion experiment for capturing transient X-ray pulse radiation during fusion. The reliability for X-ray streak camera working under strong electromagnetic pulses in laser fusion experiments is studied. A reliability model is presented and the reliability coefficients are assigned for each part of X-ray streak camera. A Failure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA) is carried out for X-ray streak camera. Reliability and FMEA analysis indicates that the streak tube is the most important part in the X-ray streak camera whose reliability coefficient is higher than others and the streak tube’s breakdown can cause serious problems in experiments. The reliability and FMEA analysis provides guidance to carry out electromagnetic hardening for X-ray streak camera and enhance its operation reliability under strong electromagnetic radiation environment.