Millimeter-wave holographic imaging systems based on phase imaging have been extensively applied in fields such as security screening and non-destructive testing, due to their special penetration capabilities and high-resolution advantages. While extending operational frequencies to higher bands for achieving better resolution, the problems of dense transceiver arrangements and high system complexity need to be considered. This study presents a W-band short-range high-resolution millimeter-wave holographic imaging system utilizing linear array scanning. By implementing a 25-transmitter and 100-receiver array configuration with integrated electronic circuitry design, the system achieves high-quality short-range imaging across the 85–105 GHz operational band. Experimental results demonstrate the system can obtain spatial resolutions superior to 2 mm in the horizontal direction and 2.5 mm in the vertical direction at an imaging distance of 0.5 m, confirming its enhanced performance in practical applications.