Abstract:With the global deployment of the BeiDou navigation system, Passive Radar(PR) has gained access to all-weather, continuous, and wide-coverage opportunistic signals, demonstrating significant potential for maritime surveillance. However, the extremely low signal-to-noise ratio and nonlinear spatio-temporal variations challenge the effectiveness of conventional radar localization and tracking methods. A Joint Localization and Tracking(JLT) method is proposed for maritime targets by fusing multi-satellite illuminators. The approach involves long-time coherent integration of echoes into the Difference Bistatic Range(DBR),Doppler Centroid(DC),and Doppler Frequency Rate(DFR) domain. Leveraging the consistency of DFR, the multi-static results are projected and non-coherently fused in the X- Y- V r domain to achieve initial target localization and velocity estimation. Subsequently, a Particle Filter(PF) is employed to address the nonlinear measurement model of PR, enabling precise multi-satellite tracking of moving targets. Simulation results confirm that the proposed method enhances the performance of state estimation and significantly reduces trajectory estimation errors.