In an electromagnetic countermeasure environment, communication behavior recognition is a crucial component of signal mining and utilization in electromagnetic space. Under non-cooperative conditions where prior information is difficult to obtain, acquiring electronic intelligence requires performing signal feature analysis on reconnaissance-acquired communication data and conducting communication behavior recognition. Based on extensive analysis of domestic and foreign literatures, this paper summarizes the definitions and classifications of communication behavior oriented toward non-cooperative wireless networks, introduces the concept and primary approaches of communication behavior recognition, and categorizes various existing implementation methods along with their characteristics. Finally, it concludes the main problems and challenges in current communication behavior recognition research and prospects potential future development directions for this technology.