In this paper, the effect of temperature change on the performance and energy spectrum measurement of NaI(Tl) scintillation detector was investigated by high and low temperature test method. The energy spectrum was observed on the basis of 25 °C as a benchmark. The calculated values at 25 °C include the characteristic peak path address of 137Cs in 0.662 MeV, 60Co in 1.173 MeV and 1.332 MeV, and the total peak counting rate of Gamma rays, energy resolution. It comes to a conclusion that the characteristic peak path addresses of 137Cs in 0.662 MeV, 60Co in 1.173 MeV and 1.1332 MeV were consistent at 0°C-20°C, while gradually decrease at 20°C-45°C. Total peak counting rate of Gamma rays in 0.662 MeV and 1.173 MeV were consistent within the range of ±5.19% and ±4.48% respectively. The three corresponding energy resolutions were consistent with the temperature changes within the range of ±4.3%。It can be seen that it is feasible to use the γ-ray as a stable peak source.