The terahertz(THz) band(0.1~10 THz) has become a key technology direction for future wireless communications due to its large bandwidth and high-speed transmission characteristics. In this paper, a 300 GHz terahertz wireless communication system is designed and implemented based on an all-electronics scheme. Compared with photonics-aided approaches, this system offers advantages of simple structure and low complexity. Through the construction of an experimental platform, wireless transmission tests over 50 m are completed. Residual blocks are incorporated into the One-Dimension Convolutional Neural Network(1D-CNN) in the experiments, which can effectively avoid gradient vanishing and enhance signal equalization performance. The effects of transmission rate and different neural network signal recovery schemes on system performance are analyzed in detail. Meanwhile, the relationship among the number of 1D-CNN neurons, the depth of hidden layers, and transmission performance is discussed. The proposed 1D-CNN signal recovery method effectively compensates for nonlinear effects in the system, reducing the system Bit Error Rate(BER) from 4.6×10^-3 to 1.4×10^-3.